高利贷
释义 DEFINITION
基本定义：高利贷指以远高于法定利率标准发放贷款的行为。根据中国法律规定，借贷利率超过一年期贷款市场报价利率（LPR）四倍即构成高利贷。
现代网络语境：在互联网环境中，该词常被用来形容以下三种情况：1）各类非法网贷平台的砍头息套路贷；2）社交媒体中夸张的利息表情包（如'九出十三归'梗图）；3）年轻人对信用卡分期、花呗等正规金融产品的高手续费率进行戏谑化表达。
使用场景：当网友吐槽'这个月又要还高利贷了'，通常并非指真正违法借贷，而是用夸张修辞表达对还款压力的无奈。
词源故事 ETYMOLOGY
历史脉络：高利贷现象最早可追溯至西周时期的'子钱家'，明清时期晋商票号将月息3%称为'驴打滚'。现代法律明确将年利率超过36%的借贷界定为高利贷，2020年民法典修订后采用LPR四倍（约15.4%）为新标准。
网络演化：2016年'于欢案'引发全民讨论，使'高利贷暴力催收'成为年度热词。随着P2P网贷平台暴雷，网友创造出'714高炮'（借款周期7/14天，利率超过500%）、'校园裸贷'等新形态表述。抖音平台#高利贷模仿秀#话题播放量超8亿次，用户通过夸张表演讽刺借贷乱象。
典型案例：2021年大学生小李在某平台借款5000元，实际到账3500元（砍头息1500），两周后需还款5500元，折算年化利率达1825%。相关新闻登上微博热搜后，'数字高利贷'成为新型网络诈骗的代名词。
例句：'这个破游戏抽卡系统就是电子高利贷，648元一单十连抽保底，比现实借贷还狠！'（2023年《原神》玩家社区热评）
DEFINITION
Core Definition: Loan shark refers to the practice of lending money at exorbitant interest rates far exceeding legal limits. Under Chinese law, any loan with interest rates exceeding four times the Loan Prime Rate (LPR) is considered illegal.
Internet Culture Context: In digital spaces, the term is often used metaphorically to describe: 1) Predatory online lending platforms with hidden fees; 2) Memes about outrageous interest rates (like 'borrow 9 repay 13' viral images); 3) Young people humorously complaining about credit card installments or e-payment services like Huabei.
Cultural Note: When Chinese netizens say 'I need to repay my loan shark debts this month,' they're usually making self-deprecating jokes about financial stress rather than referring to actual illegal activities.
ETYMOLOGY
Historical Context: The practice dates back to China's Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC). During Ming-Qing periods, 3% monthly interest was colorfully called 'rolling donkey' rates. Modern law defines loans exceeding 36% annual interest as illegal, revised to 4x LPR (about 15.4%) in 2020.
Digital Evolution: The 2016 'Yu Huan Case' - where a son stabbed debt collectors harassing his mother - ignited national debate. Following P2P lending platform collapses, netizens coined terms like '714 Cannons' (500% APR 7/14-day loans) and 'Campus Nude Loans'. Douyin's #LoanSharkChallenge garnered 800M views with satirical skits.
Notable Case: In 2021, college student Li borrowed 5000 yuan but received only 3500 due to upfront fees. Repaying 5500 within two weeks equated to 1825% APR. This 'digital loan shark' case trended on Weibo, exposing new cyber fraud patterns.
Example: 'This gacha system is electronic loan sharking - 648 yuan for 10 virtual pulls? Worse than real-world borrowing!' (2023 Genshin Impact player comment)