喷子
释义 DEFINITION
喷子是中文互联网环境中具有多重含义的词汇：
1. 字面原意：喷射液体的器具（如水枪喷嘴）
2. 网络核心含义（90%使用场景）：指在社交媒体、论坛等平台恶意攻击他人，通过极端言论发泄情绪的网民
3. 延伸用法：有时也戏称爱抬杠或发表极端观点的人
典型特征包括：无事实依据的人身攻击、使用侮辱性语言、针对个人而非观点进行批判。根据清华大学2022年网络行为研究，约78%的中文用户认为该词带有强烈负面色彩。
词源故事 ETYMOLOGY
喷子的词源演变堪称中文互联网发展的缩影：
• 2000年代初期：该词首次出现在游戏论坛（如天涯社区），玩家用'喷口水'比喻无意义的骂战
• 2010年微博崛起：随着实名制未全面推行，键盘侠现象催生专业喷子群体。某娱乐明星曾因被喷子攻击导致抑郁症登上热搜
• 2018年转折点：中国网信办启动'清朗行动'，当年处理喷子账号超1200万个，但治标不治本
• 现代特征：AI监测显示，喷子常用'孤儿'、'nmsl'等缩写规避审查，74%集中在社会热点话题评论区
典型案例：2021年东京奥运会期间，射击运动员王璐瑶未获金牌，微博遭喷子'滚出中国'等过激言论轰炸，引发全民关于网络暴力的讨论。此事推动《网络文明公约》的出台，但喷子现象仍以更隐蔽方式存在。
DEFINITION
Penzi (literally 'spray nozzle') is a quintessential Chinese internet term describing:
1. Original meaning: A device that sprays liquids
2. Primary online usage: Individuals who maliciously attack others on social media/forums using abusive language and illogical arguments (similar to 'troll' but with more aggressive connotation)
3. Cultural nuance: Unlike Western trolls who seek attention, penzi often genuinely believe their toxic opinions and target specific groups like celebrities or political figures.
A 2023 Stanford study notes penzi account for 23% of toxic content on Chinese platforms like Weibo.
ETYMOLOGY
The evolution of 'penzi' mirrors China's internet culture growth:
• Early 2000s: Emerged in gaming forums like Tianya Club, comparing meaningless arguments to 'spraying saliva'
• 2010 Weibo era: Anonymity enabled professional trolls. Pop star Zhang Ziyi temporarily quit social media in 2012 due to penzi attacks
• 2018 crackdown: Cyberspace Administration banned 12M toxic accounts, but new tactics emerged using homonyms like 'nmsl' (你妈死了 - your mom's dead)
• Modern tactics: 61% use multiple burner accounts according to Tencent's 2023 report, often flooding comment sections during sensitive events
Notable case: During 2022 Winter Olympics, snowboarder Su Yiming faced penzi accusing him of 'stealing gold medals' despite clear video evidence. This sparked nationwide debates about cyberbullying regulations, leading to Weibo's mandatory IP location display feature.