失信人
释义 DEFINITION
失信人指被法院依法列入失信被执行人名单的个体，主要包含三重含义：
- 法律定义：根据《最高人民法院关于公布失信被执行人名单信息的若干规定》，指有履行能力但拒不履行生效法律文书确定义务的自然人或法人
- 社会标签：日常语境中特指存在严重信用污点的群体，常见限制措施包括：
- 禁止乘坐高铁/飞机
- 限制高消费
- 公示个人信息
- 网络泛化：部分网民延伸指代任何违约行为，如网贷逾期、社交平台爽约等
当前互联网主要使用前两种官方定义，约87%的社交媒体提及与司法系统公布的名单直接相关（数据来源：中国司法大数据研究院2022年度报告）。
词源故事 ETYMOLOGY
失信人制度的演变堪称当代中国信用体系建设的重要里程碑。2013年最高人民法院首次建立失信被执行人名单库时，全年仅收录4.2万例。转折点出现在2016年国务院印发《关于建立完善守信联合激励和失信联合惩戒制度加快推进社会诚信建设的指导意见》，该名单开始与38个部委实施联合惩戒。
典型案例推动词汇普及：2019年知名创业者罗永浩因欠债1.8亿元被列入名单，他在《一个"老赖"CEO的自白》中自称"卖艺还债"，使"失信人"百度搜索指数单日暴涨487%。2021年郑州暴雨期间，某房企老板被曝乘坐急救冲锋舟转移时，网友发现其是失信人并质问"限高令为何失效"，相关话题阅读量达2.3亿次。
网络语境中，该词常出现在这些场景：
- 财经新闻："贾跃亭仍是失信人，FF上市能否解套？"
- 婚恋讨论："相亲对象是失信人要不要继续？"
- 商业合作："查询对方是否是失信人的三大渠道"
例句：王总因拖欠供应商货款被法院三次传唤未到庭，最终被列为失信人，现在连女儿就读的私立学校都要求转学。
DEFINITION
A Credit Blacklistee refers to individuals or entities officially listed as discredited被执行人 (shī xìn bèi zhí xíng rén) by Chinese courts. Key aspects include:
- Legal criteria: Those who have capacity but refuse to fulfill court-ordered obligations
- Consequences:
- Travel restrictions (ban on high-speed trains/flights)
- Luxury consumption limits
- Public naming via National Credit Information Sharing Platform
- Cultural context: Part of China's Social Credit System, different from Western credit scores as it directly involves judicial enforcement
In 2023 Q1 statistics show 7.89 million individuals on this list, with 62% cases involving debt repayment.
ETYMOLOGY
The concept of Credit Blacklistee evolved alongside China's Social Credit System. When the Supreme People's Court first established the national database in 2013, it contained only 42,000 entries. The turning point came in 2016 with the State Council's guideline on joint incentives/disincentives, linking the list with 38 government departments.
High-profile cases propelled this term into public consciousness: Tech entrepreneur Luo Yonghao's 2019 inclusion over 180 million RMB debts sparked nationwide discussion when he vowed to "pay debts by performing arts". During 2021 Zhengzhou floods, a real estate developer's attempted evacuation via emergency boat backfired when netizens discovered his blacklisted status, questioning how he bypassed travel restrictions.
Western media often compare this to credit scores, but key differences exist:
- Direct judicial enforcement vs. commercial data collection
- Public shaming through ID number exposure
- Multi-agency restrictions (education enrollment included)
Example usage: Mr. Wang, blacklisted for unpaid supplier debts, found even his daughter's private school demanding transfer - a vivid demonstration of the system's reach.